Legal Information Research Articles

Enhancing Moroccan legal cases analysis through ontology-based information extraction

The efficient organization of diverse disorder cases within a unified memory necessitates an adaptable representation. This study introduces an ontology-based approach for extracting facts from Moroccan legal cases. Leveraging ontological frameworks, a comprehensive case architecture is established, enabling advanced information extraction. Utilizing rules, patterns, and knowledge modeling harmonizes cases and identifies pervasive legal concepts. Statistical techniques unveil latent entities within complex legal textual discourse. Empirical validation demonstrates proficiency, extracting up to 25 regular entities. The rule-based mechanism achieves an F1-score of 99.5%, highlighting precision, while the statistical extractor achieves an 88.3% F1-score, revealing concealed entities. This work presents an innovative ontology-based paradigm for legal information extraction, contributing to advanced knowledge management in the legal domain.

Increasing access to legal information with unsupervised solutions

AbstractAccess to justice is a significant area of legal research, especially for Socio-Legal studies. The main research topics of this area are economic or class differences, gender inequalities, or national and ethnic differences in access to justice. However, there is a less discussed aspect of access to justice: the differences between access to legal information and the differences in user groups in terms of comprehending and processing legal information. This is an important topic because there are significant differences among people's abilities to process and understand legal texts, depending on whether we are dealing with a lawyer who is an expert in the given field, a non-expert lawyer, or a citizen with a low or zero (legal) educational level. The paper argues that unsupervised machine learning solutions can help even out these differences. It presents different unsupervised solutions, mainly clustering and topic modelling, which can help to increase access to legal information. Then we present a case study in which we examine these unsupervised tools in the processing of resolutions of the Central Bank in Hungary and anonymized court decisions. The paper argues that these tools can reveal the hidden contextual regularities in unstructured legal texts, facilitating the search for legal texts even for non-legal-experts.

Organization of veterinary services in the territories of the Leningrad region

The problem of organizing veterinary activities in the territories of horticultural, horticultural and other non-profit associations of citizens needs attention. Many land owners keep agricultural, pet companions. They often do not comply with the norms of legislation in the field of veterinary medicine, there is a concealment of facts and violation of the rules of maintenance, animal diseases, we see ignorance of the owners about the signs of manifestation, lack of awareness of the threats of a particular disease. At the same time, there is no centralized accounting of animals kept on the territory of the non-commercial gardening, as there is no work to perform veterinary knowledge. It is necessary to plan veterinary and educational work: organize meetings with representatives of the non-commercial gardening administration, animal owners, and present information material in the form of posters and leaflets on the ground. It is necessary to place sections on the electronic resources of the animal disease control station, non-commercial gardening containing in an accessible form the information on the maintenance, feeding of agricultural and domestic unproductive animals, carrying out antiepizootic measures, it is advisable to provide regulatory and legal information, inform in an accessible form about the need for veternary and sanitary examination of products obtained on the territory of the non-commercial gardening. The issue of registration and vaccination of animals can also be solved by organizing field events of representatives of the district animal disease control station in the non-commercial gardening. It seems necessary to change the approach to the list of acceptable ways of using land plots belonging to the category of agricultural land with an established type of permitted use for horticulture, so that among them there is the maintenance of farm animals.

Sludges against Ponzi schemes

Pyramid schemes are adapting to the digitalisation era and mimicking various organisations. The organisers of these schemes quite often appeal to such human qualities as greed and the desire to get rich quickly. Thus, it is becoming increasingly relevant to develop new methods for countering pyramid schemes taking into account modern realities and behavioural characteristics of an individual decisionmaker. The focus of the research is on selecting sludge tools to fight against digital pyramid schemes. Methodologically, the study relies on the concepts of behavioural economics, in particular, of the nudge theory (nudges vs sludges). The methods include brainstorming, focus groups. The evidence comes from primary qualitative research, in-depth interviews with both non-professional investors and experts in the field of financial market held in 2022. The analysis allowed defining the concept of sludge and present the types of sludge tools. The paper provides an original list of sludge tools as well as a set of practical tools to counter pyramid schemes, which, in particular, consists of legal restrictions, monitoring of Ponzi schemes’ activities, financial enlightenment, a legal information system, self-coordination of investors, and an individual approach. The paper concludes that sludge tools differ in terms of the length of impact and the speed of obtaining a result. Short-term sludges generate a fast effect and prevent from investing in pyramid schemes without preliminary preparation of participants; they, for instance, include placing a poster with a warning against Ponzi schemes, ensuring a careful reading of the contract, mandatory familiarisation with the List of entities with detected signs of illegal activities in the financial market created by the Bank of Russia, taking a risk test for assessing the probability of a decreased price or lost asset, ensuring advice of a financial counsellor as an obligatory stage of investment. The findings contribute to the understanding of the need for proactive (preventive) measures’ development aimed at countering fraudulent schemes.

مظاهر البوليسي في رواية "الاختفاء الغامض" للدكتور نبيل فاروق :دراسة نقدية

This research paper aims to study “Aspects of Detective” in famous Egyptian writer Dr. Nabil Farouk’s novel: “The Mysterious Disappearance”. The detective novel is of the third rank in the Arab world because its writers were preoccupied with the issues and concerns of the sixties and seventies and their relationship to historical morality, and the fact that this art of the novel requires access to legal information from the doors open to detective cases. The detective is a popular subgenre of the novel. The investigation of any crime is called detective. Detective literature is directly related to social reforms. The elements of imagination are evident in “The Mysterious Disappearance” in the hero character who has superior abilities. The author relied on imagination framed by issues of investigation, crimes, and solving mysteries based on major and minor plots and plots that are the engines of imagination. This paper consists of a preface, two chapters and a conclusion. In the 1st chapter gives brief introduction of Dr. Nabil Farouk. The 2nd chapter explains the aspects of the detective story in the novel “The Mysterious Disappearance”.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY AS AN AREA SAFETY ENGINEERING

The publication deals with the issue of safety engineering and occupational health and safety interms of the areas of knowledge, education and science. Safety engineering is an area of knowledge,an area of education (field of higher studies), an area of science (a new discipline in the fieldof engineering and technical sciences). On the other hand, occupational health and safety is anarea of knowledge (e.g.: occupational health and safety service, legal information, standardizationinformation, industry information), an area of education (e.g.: training in the field of occupationalhealth and safety, occupation of an occupational health and safety technician, field of higherstudies, postgraduate studies), yet it is not an autonomous area of science as an independentscientific discipline (it has a chance of becoming a research area or scientific specialty in thediscipline of safety engineering). The scope of the publication comprises selected aspects of safetyengineering, selected aspects of occupational health and safety and a review of requirements in thefield of occupational risk assessment. The research and analyses included publicly available datain the field of higher education and science system (including: POL-on system, RAD-on system,Polish Science database, website of the Council of Scientific Excellence): universities offering fieldsof study in safety engineering and occupational health and safety, entities and persons conductingresearch activities in safety engineering, entities authorized to award doctoral degrees andhabilitated doctor degrees in safety engineering, persons declaring scientific specialties in safetyengineering and occupational health and safety. In the higher education and science system, thefollowing were identified: two entities authorized to award doctoral degrees and habilitated doctordegrees in safety engineering (the Fire University, the WSB University), nine entities conductingscientific activities in the discipline of safety engineering and 113 people conducting scientificactivities in the discipline of safety engineering (people with at least a doctoral degree, including13 people with the academic title of professor and 32 people with the academic degree of associateprofessor).

Democratizing Law Librarianship: Reducing Barriers to Entry through Alternative Pathways to the Profession and Increased Support to Students. A Call to Action

Law librarianship is a constantly evolving profession driven by the evolution of law practice, legal education, government, and law itself. Changes in these drivers are in turn influenced by factors such as technology, culture, client needs, American Bar Association Standards, bar exams, diversity and access efforts, faculty research, instructional trends, and law school rankings. Law librarians proudly keep up with these changes—and even stay ahead of them—as we impart new knowledge and skills to users of law libraries and legal information resources. As we proceed through the third decade of the twenty-first century, the legal information profession is engaged in dialogue about the perpetually shrinking pools of qualified candidates for law librarian positions. Additionally, law librarians have been lamenting for decades that the legal information profession does not accurately reflect the diversity in our communities. The literature reflects that those conversations began in earnest in the 1970s and continue today. This article addresses both compelling issues and offers concrete strategies to tackle them simultaneously, thoughtfully, and intentionally. The entire profession is invited to play a role in this effort.

An Investigation on the Use of Electronic Resources by Faculty and Research Scholars of National Law Universities of North India

The purpose of this study is to examine how research scholars and faculty at National Law Universities of North India use and are aware of electronic resources for legal information. The parameters used to determine the level of awareness of e-resources include the easiest way to access legal e-resources, obstacles and difficulties encountered when doing so, the most popular online legal database, and recommendations for e-resource promotion. A well-structured questionnaire intended for faculty members and research scholars at a select National Law Universities of North India was used to gather the necessary data for the study. According to the study, the most popular online databases are Manupatra and SCC Online, while the most popular e-resources are law reform reports and case law databases. Upgrading of ICT facilities, the acquisition of new databases and e-resources, and the planning of end-user training programs are all ways to improve end-user awareness and utilization of e-resources. The study further highlighted the need for NLUs to maintain a set of guidelines and policies regarding encouraging users to use electronic resources in order to improve usage.
  

Риски адвоката при использовании социальных сетей в профессиональной деятельности

The widespread use of social media in the process of to providing qualified legal assistance by representatives of various legal professions, including advocates, on the one hand, improved citizens’ access to legal infor-mation and receiving qualified legal assistance, but on the other hand, it caused new risks. World practice is replete with examples when unethical and unprofessional behavior of advocates on social media was nega-tively reflected both in law practice and on clients. Having studied such examples, the author of the article for-mulates proposals aimed at minimizing the risks associated with the participation of lawyers in social media. These proposals are aimed at expanding the ability of advocates to use social media in professional activities, comprehensive protection of such communication, as well as the ability of clients to receive up-to-date legal information and, if necessary, qualified legal assistance. The author systematized and summarized Russian and Foreign sources on the problem of this article, used such research methods as analysis and synthesis, and also statistical and prognostic methods.

Preface of Special Issue on 10th Competition on Legal Information of Extraction and Entailment (COLIEE 2023)

Preface of Special Issue on 10th Competition on Legal Information of Extraction and Entailment (COLIEE 2023)

BIM-LADM AMALGAMATION — A REVIEW

Abstract. This paper discussed two International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, namely, ISO 19152 – Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) and ISO 16739 – Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), to identify three-dimensional (3D) multi-floor building rights. These days, it is challenging to characterize all multifunctional structures due to the increase in complex buildings. High-rise building land and property information management is recommended through building information modeling (BIM). Countries like the Netherlands, Australia, and Turkey have considered adopting BIM for their land administration. A land administration standard, such as LADM, offers better legal and physical representation in identifying the rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRRs) of the spatial units and stakeholders. However, LADM falls short in representing all building elements, such as semantic information and invisible functional spaces. Hence, this paper reviews incorporating additional information from BIM to create a comprehensive three-dimensional building representation including legal information from LADM. Issues and challenges also being highlighted with some recommendations for possible future works.

Deviant Behavior In Dating Violence

The purpose of this study is to determine the criminal sanctions for violent behavior in dating relationships and to understand the basis and rules for imposing criminal sanctions. This is normative juridical research conducted using the statute approach, relevant literature, and regulations related to the issues and cases at hand. The method employed by the author involved collecting materials obtained from literature data, including (1) primary legal materials, which are mandatory basic information containing legal rules, and (2) secondary legal materials, which are academic books related to theory and research results. (3) Non-legal materials refer to information that provides guidance and explanations about primary and secondary legal information, such as Internet media and articles. The results show that demonstrates how the perpetrator's upbringing in an authoritarian-styled home had a significant impact on his psychological growth. Couples that engage in sexual activity together as though they are husband and wife will almost certainly do it again. The male will feel entitled to treat his wife in any way he pleases, hurting her in the process and hurting her. This is the reason why occasionally aggressive dating behavior occurs.

Revolutionizing Legal Assistance: A Comprehensive Survey on the Development and Implementation of a Personalized Legal Guidance Android Application

This detailed overview investigates the innovative progression and execution of a revolutionary Personalized Legal Guidance Android Application. Through the utilization of cutting-edge technology, advanced algorithms, and a user-focused design, the application aims to redefine individuals’ interactions with legal information. The paper methodically examines the essential features, technological components, user experience, and potential implications on the legal domain, providing a holistic perspective on this transformative legal advancement. Keywords: Personalized Legal Guidance, Android Application, Technology, Legal Landscape, User Experience.

Abortion needs expressed on Reddit after the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision in the United States.

Women, transgender men, and gender non-binary individuals facing unwanted pregnancy use online resources for abortion information. We sought to determine the informational and emotional needs that those seeking abortion information on Reddit expressed immediately following the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (Dobbs) decision in the United States. Furthermore, we aimed to understand how the Reddit community addressed these needs. We collected posts on Reddit in the subreddit r/abortion that expressed informational or emotional needs related to the Dobbs decision created between June 24, 2022 and July 24, 2022. We identified posts using keywords including "roe," "rvw," and "trigger law" and then manually reviewed them to ensure relevance. We analyzed posts and their comments using qualitative descriptive analysis. One hundred and ten posts met inclusion criteria. Original posters expressed needs for legal and medical information. Posters also expressed need for logistical support, including help accessing medication abortion, traveling out of state, and financing abortion care, and emotional support in general and resulting from fear of parental disapproval and shame relating to abortion stigma. Although responders to these comments addressed these needs by offering general support, accurate information, and reliable resources, intersecting and emotional needs sometimes went unaddressed. The Dobbs decision caused confusion and panic among abortion seekers requesting guidance on r/abortion, resulting in informational and emotional needs. While the r/abortion community actively addressed needs, inherent limitations of an online forum prevented some original posters from receiving the multifaceted support they needed.

“Hidden” legal status; Information sources on extra-territorial extension of patent rights

Legal status information is a critical component of many patent searches, particularly those conducted in industry. Although most major patenting authorities can provide reasonably comprehensive data on their own national legal status, this may not enable the user to obtain a complete picture of where patent rights are in force. Many smaller countries have a mechanism to recognise patent rights previously granted by other jurisdictions; however, the public information sources on these extensions are poorly controlled and difficult to access. A review is provided on the various means by which extra-territorial extensions may be obtained, and of the quality and quantity of public information which can be retrieved.

A GCC Artificial Food Additives Management based Mobile Application Development

Artificial food additives pose significant health risks to Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) citizens despite regional authorities' extensive medical, legislative, and technological efforts. Literature highlights the detrimental impacts of these additives, including malnutrition, digestive disorders, respiratory problems, skin issues, hives, nausea, diarrhea, shortness of breath, allergic reactions, high blood pressure, and tumors. The research project at hand aims at becoming the first official and comprehensive mobile application of its own in the GCC region that manages the calculation and demonstration of an up-to-date health and legal knowledge base of the impacts of artificial additives, enhances the awareness, automatically recognizes the artificial additives, and provides alternative solutions, for both android and IOS mobile platforms. This research project introduces "Weqaya," a pioneering mobile application designed to manage, educate, and raise awareness about the effects of artificial additives. Weqaya provides real-time health and legal information, identifies additives, and suggests alternative solutions for Android and iOS platforms. The project employs an Agile-based SDLC model to explore, develop, and evaluate the food additive phenomena in Weqaya. The application's usability evaluation scores a promising 95.21%, indicating its potential utility for GCC health ministries, dietitians, academics, researchers, and food producers in enhancing knowledge and promoting non-artificial food options.

Digital Justice “Model of The United Arab Emirates"

Objectives: The research aims to study the concept of digital justice and explore the requirements for transforming the justice system, shifting from traditional and paper-based justice to a generally intelligent digital justice. The study also delves into the experience of the United Arab Emirates in this regard.
  
 Methodology: The research employed descriptive and analytical approaches in examining legal texts, jurisprudential opinions, and related articles. It was divided into three main sections: firstly, defining the nature of digital justice; secondly, addressing the requisites of digital transformation in the justice system in general; and thirdly, analyzing the experience of the United Arab Emirates in this transformation.
  
 Results: Digital justice has become an imperative necessity for advancing the judicial system globally. It is no longer feasible to discuss comprehensive justice within a society without digitizing judicial procedures, wholly or partially, and facilitating access to legal and judicial information for those concerned. Achieving comprehensive digital justice necessitates robust and suitable legislative and material infrastructures, a pursuit that the United Arab Emirates has undertaken and continues to develop across its legal, judicial, and administrative entities involved in this matter.
  
 Conclusion: The research advocates the ongoing development of digital justice in the United Arab Emirates and other countries, urging the continual adaptation of emerging digital technologies to serve justice. Time will not stand still or revert backwards, and digital transformation has become an essential imposition across various aspects of life.

Enhancing creditor decision-making in South African business rescue proceedings: a comprehensive analysis of information requirements in business rescue plans

Purpose Business rescue, as a mechanism to aid financially distressed companies in South Africa, has received considerable academic and practical recognition. However, the business rescue plan is an overlooked and, perhaps, underdeveloped aspect of the regime. For stakeholders, this is the ultimate decision-making document. Creditors are the most influential stakeholders in business rescue proceedings owing to their voting rights. For creditors to make informed decisions and exercise their votes meaningfully, the business rescue plan should be transparent and adequately disclose relevant and reliable information. This study aims to identify creditors’ primary information needs to enhance the sufficiency and decision-usefulness of business rescue plans, not only to entice the vote of creditors but to enforce accountability from practitioners. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 executives from 10 South African financial institutions. Findings The findings reveal that comprehensive disclosure of financial, commercial and legal information in business rescue plans was a critical antecedent for stakeholder decision-making. Additionally, leadership and social impact information were influential determinants. This study advances academic knowledge and, for practitioners, adds value to the development of business rescue plans. This can enhance creditors' confidence in supporting the rescue effort and approving the plan. Practical implications This study advances academic knowledge and, for practitioners, adds value to the development of business rescue plans. This can enhance creditors' confidence in supporting the rescue effort and approving the plan. Originality/value The originality of this article lies in its investigation of how creditors assess the information in BR plans as a precursor to supporting the company’s reorganisation in a creditor-friendly business rescue system such as South Africa. This study provides novel insights into the decision-making process, particularly how creditors assess BR plans, address information asymmetry and vote on the plan.

Design and Application of Legal Information Systems Based on Big Data Technology

China's exploration of the legal application of big data is still far from thorough enough. This article proposes a universal suitable for hierarchical big data storage systems, which can quickly add new cache policies when needed and provide cache scheduling strategies. The neural training algorithm used in legal information systems implements a complete parallel computing framework for large-scale neural network training, supporting distributed storage and management of large-scale sample data. The experimental results show that the framework has good scalability and fault tolerance, and can quickly train legal information systems, improving their efficiency and response speed. This provides new ideas and methods for the design and development of legal information systems.

Opportunities and challenges of public relations in Yogyakarta special region high prosecutor’s office

Background: The High Prosecutor’s Office for Yogyakarta Special Region (D.I.Y., abbreviation in Indonesia) conducts public relations through the Legal Information Section (Penkum., acronym in Indonesia). Penkum communicates and listens to public opinion and builds and maintains the institution’s image. Purpose: This study aims to find out the communication strategies employed by Penkum and its public relations opportunities and challenges. Methods: The current research used the four-step theory of the public relations process by Cutlip, Center, and Broom to see whether the communication process by Penkum had gone through the stages of mapping the situation and strategy, conducting program planning, program execution, and evaluation. Then, it used the SWOT concept to reveal internal and external factors that become opportunities and challenges in running public relations programs. It used a qualitative descriptive approach to examine and understand the data collected through interviews with relevant officials. Results: The results of the data analysis found empirically that the communication strategy of Penkum as public relations has adopted public relations stages by mapping budget availability, program planning, program execution, and evaluation. The SWOT analysis obtained opportunities and challenges encountered in the public relations programs, including strength-opportunity strategy; weakness-opportunity strategy; strength-threat strategy; and weakness-threat strategy. Conclusion: Based on the four-step theory of public relations process and SWOT Analysis, this research recommends that the public relations at the High Prosecutor’s Office of D.I.Y: 1) increased programs that involve the community; 2) established an SOP for handling issues; 3) strengthened collaboration with the mass media; 4) added and update of public relations facilities and infrastructure; 5) improved the ability and skills of personnel. Implication: The findings in this study are expected to strengthen the public relations role of the Public Prosecutor’s Office and become a source for further related research.